DATE :
Monday, December 8, 2025
How to Date a Gibson Guitar: Complete 2025 Authentication Guide
How to Date a Gibson Guitar: Complete 2025 Authentication Guide
Understanding Gibson Guitar Dating
Learning how to date a Gibson guitar is essential for authentication, valuation, and understanding your instrument's history. Gibson guitars represent significant value, and accurate dating affects everything from insurance coverage to resale prices. Unlike some manufacturers with straightforward serial number systems, Gibson used multiple dating methods across different eras, making proper identification both challenging and crucial.
This comprehensive guide explains every method to accurately date your Gibson guitar, from serial numbers and Factory Order Numbers to potentiometer codes and construction features. Whether you own a vintage Les Paul, SG, ES-335, or any other Gibson model, these techniques will help you determine your guitar's exact production year.
Why Accurate Gibson Dating Matters
Before diving into dating methods, understanding why accurate dating is important helps you appreciate the process:
Value Determination: Certain years command premium prices. A 1959 Les Paul Standard is worth substantially more than a 1960 model with identical specifications. A 1961 SG/Les Paul transitional model is more valuable than a 1963 SG Standard.
Authentication: Accurate dating helps verify authenticity and detect refinishes, replaced parts, or assembled "parts guitars" combining components from different years.
Insurance and Documentation: Proper dating provides accurate replacement values for insurance purposes and estate documentation.
Historical Significance: Understanding your guitar's production year connects you to specific manufacturing periods, feature transitions, and historical contexts.
Selling Preparation: When you're ready to sell your Gibson guitar, accurate dating maximizes value and builds buyer confidence. Buyers pay premiums for properly documented instruments.
Gibson Serial Number Systems: A Complex History
Gibson's serial number systems evolved multiple times throughout the company's history, creating confusion for guitar owners attempting to date their instruments. Understanding which system applies to your guitar is the first step in accurate dating.
Early Gibson Serial Numbers (1902-1947)
Gibson's earliest guitars used simple sequential numbering systems:
Batch Numbers and Sequential Series:
Very early instruments often lack serial numbers entirely
Simple sequential numbers stamped on back of headstock
Factory Order Numbers (FON) provide more reliable dating
1952-1961: Five-Digit Ink Stamp Serial Numbers
This era saw Gibson standardize serial numbering for solid-body guitars:
Location: Ink-stamped inside the guitar body
Visible through f-holes on hollow/semi-hollow guitars
Inside control cavity on solid-body guitars (visible when removing control plate cover)
Occasionally on the back of the headstock
Number Format: Five digits (later six digits)
Dating by Serial Number Ranges (approximate):
1952: 0xxx - 2xxx
1953: 2xxx - 4xxx
1954: 4xxx - 5xxx
1955: 5xxx - 6xxx
1956: 6xxx - 7xxx
1957: 7xxx - 8xxx
1958: 8xxx - 9xxx
1959: 9xxx - 0xxx (numbering started over)
1960: 0xxx - 1xxx
1961: 1xxx - 2xxx
Important Notes:
Significant overlap exists between years
Some guitars have no serial numbers
Numbers are not strictly chronological
High-end models sometimes used different numbering
1961-1970: Impressed Serial Numbers
Gibson transitioned to impressed (stamped) serial numbers on the back of the headstock:
Location: Back of headstock, impressed into the wood
1961-1969 Format:
1961: 1xxxx - 2xxxx (5 digits)
1962: 2xxxx - 3xxxx
1963: 3xxxx - 4xxxx
1964: 4xxxx - 7xxxx
1965: 7xxxx - 9xxxx
1966: 0xxxx - 1xxxx (numbering started over again)
1967: 1xxxx - 8xxxx
1968: 8xxxx - 0xxxx (started over again)
1969: 0xxxx - 9xxxx
Problems with This System:
Extensive overlap between years
Same serial numbers used multiple times across different years
Inconsistent application
Many guitars have no serial number or unclear numbers
1970-1975: Six-Digit Serial Numbers
Gibson introduced a more organized system:
Format: Six digits (occasionally seven)
Pattern: First digit indicates production year
0xxxxx = 1970
1xxxxx = 1971
2xxxxx = 1972
3xxxxx = 1973
4xxxxx = 1974
5xxxxx = 1975
Additional Markings:
"MADE IN USA" stamp appears (1970+)
Volute on back of neck (1970-1972, some models)
Three-piece maple neck (many 1970s models)
1975-1977: Transfer Serial Numbers
Gibson switched to decal serial numbers on the headstock:
Format: Eight digits
First two digits = year
Example: 99xxxxxx = 1975
Location: Back of headstock, decal rather than impressed
1977-Present: Modern Serial Number Systems
Gibson modernized their serial number system with more reliable dating:
1977-2013 Format:
Made in USA stamp
Letter prefix indicates factory and year
More consistent numbering system
2014-Present Format:
YYMMXXXX format (Year-Month-Sequence)
First two digits = year
Second two digits = month
Much more reliable dating
Factory Order Numbers (FON): The Most Reliable Gibson Dating Method
While serial numbers create confusion, Gibson's Factory Order Numbers provide the most accurate dating method for vintage instruments.
Understanding Factory Order Numbers
Factory Order Numbers tracked production batches and shipping orders, not individual instruments. However, they provide reliable manufacturing date ranges.
Location: Stamped inside the guitar
Visible through f-holes on hollow/semi-hollow models
Inside control cavity on solid-body models
Typically on a white or orange label
Sometimes hand-written rather than stamped
Format: Letter followed by 3-4 digits
Letter indicates year of manufacture
Numbers indicate production batch
FON Letter Code System
The letter in the Factory Order Number indicates the production year:
1952-1961 FON Letter Codes:
Z = 1952
Y = 1953
X = 1954
W = 1955
V = 1956
U = 1957
T = 1958
S = 1959
R = 1960
Q = 1961
Example: A Les Paul with FON "T 2567" was manufactured in 1958 (T = 1958), production batch 2567.
Later FON Systems: Gibson continued using FON systems with different letter codes through later eras. The specific codes vary by decade and factory location.
How to Find Your Gibson's FON
Solid-Body Guitars (Les Paul, SG):
Remove the control plate cover (back of guitar)
Look inside the control cavity
FON often stamped or written on wood or label
May require a flashlight and careful inspection
Semi-Hollow/Hollow Guitars (ES-335, ES-175, etc.):
Look through the f-holes
FON typically on a label attached to interior
May be on orange label (1950s-early 1960s) or white label (1960s+)
Sometimes visible without removing strings; better visibility with strings removed
Important Notes:
Not all Gibson guitars have FON markings
Some FONs are unclear or partially visible
FON dates the production batch, not the exact completion date
A guitar shipped in January 1959 might have a 1958 FON
Potentiometer Date Codes: Electronics Dating
Potentiometers (pots) in Gibson guitars provide another reliable dating method. Pots were manufactured and dated before installation, typically within weeks or months of guitar completion.
Understanding Pot Code Format
Vintage Gibson guitars used potentiometers from several manufacturers, each with date coding systems:
Standard Format: XXYYZZ
XX = Manufacturer code
YY = Year of manufacture (last two digits)
ZZ = Week of manufacture
Manufacturer Codes
Common Gibson Pot Manufacturers:
137 = CTS (Chicago Telephone Supply)
134 = Centralab
140 = Clarostat (less common)
304 = Stackpole (rare in Gibsons, more common in Fenders)
Reading Pot Date Codes
Example 1: 137 5928
137 = CTS manufacturer
59 = 1959
28 = 28th week of 1959 (approximately July)
Example 2: 134 6015
134 = Centralab manufacturer
60 = 1960
15 = 15th week of 1960 (approximately April)
How to Check Your Gibson's Pot Codes
Process:
Remove control plate cover (solid-body) or reach through f-hole (hollow-body)
Identify potentiometer(s) - cylindrical components with wiring
Look for stamped codes on the pot casing
Record codes from all pots (typically 2-4 per guitar)
Use flashlight and magnifying glass for unclear codes
Interpreting Results:
Pot dates should precede or match guitar assembly date
All pots typically from the same year (occasionally different weeks)
Pots dated significantly after supposed guitar date indicate replacements
Mixed pot dates from different years suggest electronic work or modifications
Important Considerations:
Pots were stockpiled, so guitars might have pots several months older
A 1959 Les Paul might have pots dated late 1958 or early 1959
Replaced pots don't disqualify a guitar but do affect value
Original pot codes help authenticate vintage Gibsons
Neck and Body Stamps: Hidden Dating Clues
Gibson guitars often contain pencil markings, stamps, and inscriptions inside the guitar body or on the neck, providing additional dating evidence.
Neck Stamps and Markings
Locations to Check:
Neck heel: Where neck joins body (visible when neck is removed)
Inside neck pocket: Area where neck fits into body
Truss rod channel: Occasionally visible with truss rod cover removed
What to Look For:
Pencil dates (month/year format)
Inspector marks or initials
Model codes
Factory stamps
Serial numbers
Common Neck Markings:
Simple date format: "12-59" (December 1959)
Model indicators: "LP" (Les Paul), "SG", "335", etc.
Worker initials or codes
Pencil measurements or setup notes
Body Stamps and Inscriptions
Locations:
Inside control cavities
Under pickguards
Inside f-holes
On body blocks (semi-hollow models)
Neck pocket area
Common Body Markings:
FON stamps
Date stamps
Model numbers
Color codes or finish designations
Serial numbers (early models)
Inspector marks
How to Access Neck/Body Stamps Without Damage
Non-Invasive Methods:
Remove control plate covers (easily accessible)
Remove pickguard (on models with screwed-on guards)
Use flashlight and mirror to inspect through f-holes
Photograph with phone camera and zoom in
Use dental mirrors for difficult angles
Invasive Methods (best left to professionals):
Neck removal for heel inspection
Complete electronics removal
String removal for better f-hole visibility
Important Note: Never attempt neck removal on valuable vintage Gibsons without professional expertise. Neck removal can damage finish or joint integrity.
Physical Features and Specifications: Dating by Construction Details
Beyond numbers and codes, Gibson guitars can be dated through physical features that changed over specific years.
Pickup Dating
Gibson pickups evolved significantly, providing reliable dating indicators:
P-90 Pickups (1946-1957 on most models):
"Soap bar" single-coil pickups
Cream-colored covers on early Les Pauls
Black covers on later models
Alnico magnets
Approximately 8k ohms resistance
PAF Humbuckers (1957-1962):
"Patent Applied For" on underside or sticker
Double-coil design
Chrome or gold-plated covers
7.5k-8.5k ohms typical resistance
No patent number visible
Two bobbins visible when cover removed
Long or short magnet variations
Early Patent Number Pickups (1962-1965):
Patent number embossed on underside: "2,737,842"
Transition period pickups
Similar construction to late PAFs
Chrome or nickel covers
Patent Number Pickups (1965-1975):
Patent number clearly visible on cover
"T-Top" nickname (double-line patent number)
Varying resistance readings
Different magnet types over the years
Mini-Humbuckers (1968-1970s):
Smaller humbucker design
Used on Les Paul Deluxe and other models
Originally designed for Epiphone
Hardware Dating
Tuners:
Kluson Deluxe (1950s-1960s): Single or double ring, "Kluson Deluxe" stamp
Kluson with keystone buttons (early 1960s): Distinctive keystone-shaped buttons
Grover tuners (late 1960s+): More modern sealed tuners
Schaller tuners (1970s): Imported hardware
Bridges:
Wraparound bridge/tailpiece (early Les Pauls 1952-1953)
Tune-o-matic (ABR-1) (1954+): Lightweight aluminum
ABR-1 with retainer wire (1957+)
Nashville bridge (1975+): Heavier zinc construction
Modern bridges (1980s+): Various designs
Tailpieces:
Trapeze tailpiece (early Les Pauls, some ES models)
Stop tailpiece (Les Pauls 1953+)
Bigsby vibrato (various models, various eras)
Maestro vibrola (1960s SGs, ES models)
Neck Profiles and Construction
Gibson neck profiles evolved over time:
Neck Profile Changes:
1952-1957 Les Pauls: Thick "baseball bat" or chunky profile
1958-1960 Les Pauls: Still substantial but slightly refined
1960 Les Pauls: "Slim taper" neck introduced late in year
1961+ SGs: Generally slimmer profiles
1970s models: Volute added to back of headstock (1970-1972 most common)
Fingerboard Materials:
Brazilian rosewood (pre-1965 standard)
Indian rosewood (1965+ standard)
Ebony (premium models like Custom, ES-355)
Maple (limited models and later reissues)
Fingerboard Binding:
Presence, color, and style of binding varies by model and era
Multi-ply binding indicates premium models
Binding "nibs" (small extensions at fret ends) characteristic of pre-1970s Gibsons
Finish and Cosmetic Features
Finish Types:
Nitrocellulose lacquer (pre-1970): Thin, ages naturally, develops checking
Polyester/Polyurethane (1970+): Thicker, more durable, doesn't check the same way
Aniline dyes (1950s-1960s): Used for sunbursts, fades over time
Logo Styles:
1950s logos: Gold Gibson logo, "Les Paul Model" in gold
1960s logos: Various styles depending on model
"Made in USA" addition (1970+)
Headstock Variations:
Open-book headstock: Standard on most models
Split-diamond inlay: Custom models
Crown inlay: Standard and Special models
Volute: Added 1970-1972 on many models
Step-by-Step Process: How to Date Your Gibson Guitar
Follow this systematic approach to accurately date your Gibson guitar:
Step 1: Identify Your Model
Before dating, confirm your guitar's model:
Les Paul (Standard, Custom, Junior, Special)
SG (Standard, Special, Junior)
ES series (ES-335, ES-345, ES-355, ES-175, ES-150, etc.)
Flying V, Explorer, Firebird
Acoustic models
Step 2: Locate and Record the Serial Number
Where to Look:
Back of headstock (most common 1961+)
Inside control cavity (1950s solid-bodies)
Inside f-hole on label (hollow/semi-hollow guitars)
Neck plate (rare on Gibsons)
Record:
Complete serial number
Location of serial number
Whether impressed, inked, or stamped
Any letters or prefixes
Step 3: Find the Factory Order Number
Solid-Body Guitars:
Remove control plate cover
Inspect inside cavity for FON stamp or label
Record complete FON (letter and numbers)
Hollow/Semi-Hollow Guitars:
Look through f-holes
Identify orange or white label
Record FON from label
Note label color and condition
Step 4: Check Potentiometer Codes
Process:
Access pots (through control cavity or f-holes)
Identify manufacturer code and date code on each pot
Record all pot codes (typically 2-4 pots)
Note if any pots have different dates
What You'll Learn:
Earliest pot date establishes "not before" date
Consistent pot dates suggest original electronics
Mixed dates indicate possible replacements
Step 5: Examine Physical Features
Inspect:
Pickup type (P-90, PAF, patent number, etc.)
Tuner style and brand
Bridge and tailpiece type
Neck profile and binding
Finish type and aging characteristics
Logo style and headstock inlay
Any modifications or non-original parts
Step 6: Cross-Reference All Information
Compare:
Serial number date range
FON date
Pot code dates
Physical features
Ideal Scenario: All dating methods point to the same year or consecutive years
Red Flags:
Serial number significantly differs from FON
Pot codes dated years after supposed manufacture date
Physical features don't match serial number era
Inconsistent features from different periods
Step 7: Verify Through Expert Resources
Additional Verification:
Gibson's official dating resources
Vintage guitar reference books (Gruhn's Guide, etc.)
Expert authentication services
Vintage guitar dealer assessment
Common Gibson Dating Challenges and Solutions
Even with comprehensive knowledge, dating Gibson guitars presents challenges:
Challenge 1: Missing or Unclear Serial Numbers
Problem: Many vintage Gibsons have worn, unclear, or missing serial numbers
Solutions:
Rely primarily on FON for dating
Use pot codes as secondary verification
Evaluate physical features comprehensively
Consider professional authentication
UV light sometimes reveals faded ink stamps
Challenge 2: Overlapping Serial Number Ranges
Problem: Gibson's inconsistent serial numbering means the same number could indicate multiple years
Solution:
Never rely on serial numbers alone
Use FON as primary dating method
Pot codes provide crucial secondary dating
Physical features confirm era
Challenge 3: "Parts Guitars" and Assembled Instruments
Problem: Some guitars combine necks and bodies from different years
Indicators:
Neck date doesn't match body date
Pot codes significantly predate or postdate other indicators
Features from different eras
Serial number doesn't match construction style
Impact: Assembled guitars have reduced value compared to all-original instruments
Challenge 4: Refinished Guitars
Problem: Refinishing can obscure or alter dating evidence
Indicators:
Overspray on stamps or markings
Missing or illegible FON
Concealed body stamps
Incorrect aging patterns
Solution:
Electronics and hardware provide dating evidence
Neck stamps may remain intact
Expert evaluation can detect refinishes
Gibson Dating by Model: Specific Guidance
Different Gibson models require specific dating approaches:
Dating Les Paul Guitars
Key Identifiers:
1952-1957: Goldtop finish, P-90 pickups (PAFs mid-1957+)
1954-1957: Black Custom models
1958-1960: Sunburst Standard "Burst" models
1960: Slim taper neck appears late in year
1968-1970: Les Paul returns with different appointments
Dating Priority:
Factory Order Number
Pot codes
Pickup type
Neck profile
Serial number
Dating SG Guitars
Key Identifiers:
1961-1963: May still have "Les Paul" on truss rod cover
1961: Side-pull vibrato early, sideways Maestro later
1963: "Les Paul" removed from headstock
1965+: Wider neck joint
1967-1969: "Witch hat" knobs era
Critical Distinction: 1961-1962 SGs with "Les Paul" designation command premium prices
Dating ES Series Guitars
Key Identifiers:
1958-1962: PAF pickups on 335/345/355 models
1958-1961: Orange labels
1962-1964: White labels, dot inlays (ES-335)
1962+: Block inlays replace dots on 335
Mickey Mouse ears vs. pointed cutaways
Label Colors Indicate Era: Orange = late 1950s-early 1960s; White = 1960s+
Dating Acoustic Gibson Guitars
Unique Considerations:
FON typically on label inside soundhole
Serial numbers on various locations depending on era
Bracing patterns changed over years
Tuner styles and bridge designs
Fingerboard binding styles
When You're Ready to Sell Your Dated Gibson Guitar
Accurate dating is essential when you sell your Gibson guitar. Proper documentation and authentication significantly affect value and buyer confidence.
How Accurate Dating Affects Value
Impact on Selling:
Documented vintage Gibsons command premium prices
Buyers pay more for well-documented instruments
Accurate dating enables fair market valuation
Proper documentation reduces buyer skepticism
Transitional year models recognized for their value
Edgewater Guitars Expertise: When you're ready to sell your Gibson guitar, we provide expert dating verification and fair market valuations. Our knowledge of Gibson dating methods ensures you receive accurate assessments that reflect your instrument's true age and value.
Documentation to Prepare
Before Selling:
Photograph serial numbers clearly
Document Factory Order Numbers
Record pot codes from all potentiometers
Photograph neck stamps or body stamps
Note all physical features and specifications
Document original case and accessories
Compile repair or maintenance records
This Documentation:
Builds buyer confidence
Supports your asking price
Demonstrates your guitar's provenance
Facilitates authentication
Increases perceived value
Why Choose Expert Buyers Like Edgewater Guitars
When you sell your Gibson guitar to specialized buyers:
Advantages:
Expert dating verification
Recognition of valuable transitional features
Fair valuation based on accurate age determination
Immediate offers based on proper authentication
No risk of undervaluing misidentified guitars
Professional documentation of your instrument
Common Scenarios We Recognize:
1961 SG/Les Paul transitional models
Early PAF pickups that add significant value
Rare color options specific to certain years
Transitional features that general buyers miss
Factory variations that affect collectability
Advanced Gibson Authentication Topics
For those seeking deeper knowledge:
Transitional Features
Gibson guitars from transition years often combine features from multiple eras:
Examples:
1957 Les Pauls with both P-90s and early PAFs
1960 Les Pauls with various neck profiles
1961 SGs still labeled "Les Paul"
1965 Gibsons with pre-CBS and CBS-era features
Value Impact: Transitional guitars often command premiums due to rarity and unique features
Factory Variations and Anomalies
Gibson's production included variations that complicate dating:
Common Variations:
Leftover parts used on later guitars
Special orders with custom features
Prototypes or limited runs
Factory experiments
Custom shop instruments
Authentication Importance: Expert evaluation helps distinguish factory variations from modifications
Refinished and Modified Gibsons
Dating refinished guitars requires additional expertise:
Challenges:
Hidden or obscured dating evidence
Removed stamps or markings
Altered physical features
Mixed original and replacement parts
Dating Methods for Refinished Guitars:
Electronics dating through pot codes
Hardware examination
Neck stamps (often intact)
Construction methods
Wood types and routing patterns
Resources for Further Gibson Dating Research
Official Gibson Resources
Gibson's official website dating guides
Customer service authentication assistance
Historical archives and documentation
Reference Books
Essential References:
Gruhn's Guide to Vintage Guitars (comprehensive specifications)
The Beauty of the Burst (Les Paul specific)
Gibson Electrics: The Classic Years
Gibson Guitars: 100 Years of an American Icon
Online Resources
Vintage guitar forums with expert communities
Gibson collector groups
Dating tools and serial number databases
Pot code reference charts
Professional Authentication Services
For high-value or questionable instruments:
Certified vintage guitar dealers
Professional appraisers
Gibson Custom Shop authentication
Specialized authentication services
Frequently Asked Questions About Dating Gibson Guitars
Why doesn't my Gibson serial number match any dating guide?
Gibson's serial number systems contained significant overlap, inconsistencies, and reused numbers. This is normal and why FON and pot codes provide more reliable dating. Never rely solely on serial numbers for Gibson guitars.
What if my Gibson has no serial number?
Many early Gibson guitars lack serial numbers. Use Factory Order Numbers and pot codes for dating. Physical features also provide reliable era identification.
Can I date my Gibson without removing the control plate?
You can estimate age through serial numbers and physical features, but definitive dating requires accessing FON and pot codes inside the guitar.
How much does refinishing affect my ability to date the guitar?
Refinishing can obscure body stamps and FON markings, but neck stamps and electronics dating typically remain accessible. Expert evaluation can date refinished guitars through multiple methods.
Are Gibson reissues dated the same way?
Modern Gibson reissues have their own serial number systems. Historic reissues attempt to replicate vintage specs but use contemporary dating methods.
What if pot codes and serial number don't match?
This is common due to parts stockpiling and inconsistent serial numbering. Pot codes typically provide more accurate dating. If pots are dated significantly later than serial number indicates, electronics may have been replaced.
Should I have my vintage Gibson professionally authenticated?
For high-value guitars (particularly 1950s-1960s models), professional authentication provides documentation for insurance and resale purposes.
Contact Edgewater Guitars for Expert Gibson Dating and Valuation
When you need expert Gibson guitar dating, authentication, or are considering selling your instrument, Edgewater Guitars offers specialized knowledge and fair valuations.
Our Gibson Expertise
We provide:
Comprehensive dating using all available methods
Factory Order Number interpretation
Pot code analysis and electronics authentication
Physical feature verification
Transitional model identification
Refinish detection
Fair market valuations based on accurate dating
Ready to Date or Sell Your Gibson?
Contact Us:
Phone: (440) 219-3607
Service Area: Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Indiana, West Virginia
Free preliminary assessments
In-person evaluations for valuable instruments
Why Choose Edgewater Guitars
When you sell your Gibson guitar to us:
✓ Expert Dating Knowledge: We understand all Gibson dating methods
✓ Fair Valuations: Accurate dating ensures fair offers
✓ Immediate Offers: Quick, professional assessments
✓ Premium Prices: 30-40% more than typical guitar shops
✓ No Hidden Fees: Straightforward, transparent process
✓ Secure Transactions: Professional handling of valuable instruments
Additional Gibson Resources
Accurate Gibson guitar dating requires expertise across multiple authentication methods. From serial numbers and Factory Order Numbers to pot codes and physical features, proper dating affects both understanding your instrument's history and maximizing its value when selling.
Whether you own a legendary 1959 Les Paul Standard, a transitional 1961 SG/Les Paul, a vintage ES-335, or any other Gibson model, accurate dating provides crucial information about your guitar's authenticity, specifications, and market value.
Edgewater Guitars specializes in vintage Gibson authentication and purchasing throughout the Midwest. Our comprehensive knowledge of Gibson dating methods—combined with fair market valuations and professional service—makes us the preferred choice for Gibson owners seeking expert guidance or looking to sell their instruments.
Contact us today at (440) 219-3607 for expert Gibson dating assistance or to receive a fair valuation for your instrument.
Gavin Coe, Vintage Guitar Specialist
Edgewater Guitars - Ohio's Premier Guitar Buyer


